Epiloz (Levetiracetam)

SUMMARY: Levetiracetam is a novel anticonvulsant agent used as an adjunct medication to manage partial onset, myoclonic, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients with epilepsy.

INDICATION: Levetiracetam is indicated as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures in epileptic patients who are one month of age and older. Additionally, it is indicated as an adjunct in the treatment of myoclonic seizures in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy who are 12 years of age and older, and in primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy who are 6 years of age and older.

PHARMACODYNAMICS: Absorption : Rapidly absorbed after intravenous administration; bioavailability is close to 100%.

Distribution : Volume of distribution is approximately 0.5 to 0.7 L/kg; distributes widely in body tissues.

Metabolism : Primarily eliminated unchanged; minimal metabolism via hydrolysis by enzymes, with no significant involvement of cytochrome P450.

Elimination: Renal excretion is the primary route; about 66% of the dose is eliminated unchanged in urine.

Protein Binding: Low protein binding (approximately 10%).

Half Life: Approximately 7 to 8 hours in healthy adults.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Levetiracetam modulates synaptic neurotransmitter release through binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, which is thought to inhibit excessive neuronal firing and reduce seizure activity.

PHARMACODYNAMICS:

Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug that is effective in treating various types of seizures, including partial-onset seizures, myoclonic seizures, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. It has a favorable side effect profile and is not associated with significant drug interactions.

CAUTIONS: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment; dose adjustments may be necessary. Monitor for psychiatric symptoms (e.g., mood changes, depression).Caution in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to levetiracetam or other pyrrolidine derivatives.

METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION: Levetiracetam is administered intravenously. The concentrated solution can be diluted before administration and should be given as a slow intravenous infusion or bolus as directed by a healthcare professional.

OVERDOSE AND TREATMENT: Overdose may lead to symptoms such as drowsiness, agitation, and confusion. Treatment is primarily supportive; there is no specific antidote. Patients should be monitored, and symptomatic treatment provided as necessary.

IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:

Pregnancy: Levetiracetam is classified as Category C. Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Lactation: Levetiracetam is excreted in breast milk; caution is advised when administering to nursing mothers.

TOXICITY:

Toxicity may present as CNS-related symptoms (e.g., sedation, dizziness, behavioral changes). Monitoring is essential, especially in patients with renal impairment.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATIONS:  Levetiracetam is administered intravenously. The concentrated solution may be diluted prior to administration and can be given as a slow intravenous infusion or bolus, following healthcare provider guidelines.

WHY EPILOZ?

• Levetiracetam has a rapid onset of action, minimal drug interactions, and a favorable side effect profile compared to other antiepileptic drugs. It does not require routine blood monitoring and is effective for a wide range of seizure types.

• High quality at lesser cost